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Evidence gaps
Much of the peer-reviewed literature is still focused on children and young people who are ‘ HIV -affected’ in various ways, though not necessarily living with HIV themselves, and the data are not adequately disaggregated. Appropriate disaggregation could help in the formulation of evidence-based policies that improve the outcomes of these different vulnerable groups.
More exploration is needed of similarities and differences between the experiences of those born with HIV and those who have acquired it later.
The voices of adolescents and young people themselves are too often missing.
There is a lack of studies with longitudinal design and data collection from multiple sources, e. g. students, teachers, parents/caregivers.
It would be useful to have more data on the extent to which comprehensive sexuality education programmes address HIV beyond a focus on prevention, e. g. HIV-related stigma and discrimination, rights of people living with HIV.
Data on the extent of adolescents and young people receiving HIV treatment are inadequate: ‘Whether the target of reaching 1 million adolescents aged 15-19 years living with HIV with treatment by 2020 has been achieved is unknown: only 10 of the 21 focus countries reported these data and only 70 countries globally did so. This is an important failure in its own right’ (UNAIDS, 2020).
Gender gaps and gender issues among adolescents and young people affected by HIV require more attention, especially since girls and young women are also likely to experience the effects of patriarchal norms and stigma that could significantly affect their education.